Grade 9

Math 9 ties together number sense, computational fluency, spatial reasoning, and problem-solving skills in preparation for applied math and science courses, precalculus, physics, chemistry, etc. Success in high school mathematics and beyond requires proficient application of the skills and knowledge introduced in earlier years. As such, a portion of the grade 9 year includes reinforcing, connecting, and expanding depth of understanding of various key concepts from middle school.

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Key Prior Skills and Knowledge (Resources to Reinforce & Review)

Number Sense (Rational Numbers, Integers, Prime and Composite Numbers, Fraction and Decimal Notation)

Operational Fluency (Multiplicative Reasoning and Priority of Operations)

Pythagorean Tables (Multiplication)
Yohaku Junior Puzzles (Additive and Multiplicative)
Shikaku Puzzles (Array Multiplication)
Kakooma Multiplication Puzzle
Tarsia Puzzle Multiplication Facts

Proportionality & Ratios
Ratio Tables (Model)

Algebraic Reasoning (Writing and Solving Simple Equations)

Math Mobiles (model solving equations with whole numbers)

Data Visualization and Analysis (Bar Graphs, Circle Graphs, Line Graphs)

Instructional and Assessment Resources

Formative Assessment

Common Formative Numeracy Assessment (CFNA)
- Section 8 of the District Numeracy Framework
SNAP Number Sense Instructional Routine
SNAP Grades 2-9
5 Indicators of Decimal Understanding (NCTM article)
Essential Skills Numeracy Self-Assessment (From Human Resources and Skills Development Canada)

Proficiency Tables and Concept Maps (Concrete to Abstract)

Skills Trajectories

Assessing Math 9 Curricular Competencies and Content

Depth of Knowledge (DOK)

Key Resources for High School (with Links)

Concreteness Fading Concept Maps

Fractions Iceberg Concept Map (p.1)
Multiplication Iceberg Concept Map (p.2)
Algebraic Reasoning Concept Map (p.3)

Math 9 Curricular Competencies and Content

	MATH 9 - Curricular Competencies*
*Assessed using the Proficiency Scale: (Emerging/ Developing/ Proficient/ Extending)	Understanding & Solving	Communicating & Representing	Reasoning & Analyzing Development of Mathematical Reasoning (Poster)	Connecting & Reflecting
Topic 1: Operations with rational numbers (addition, subtraction, multiplication, division, BEDMAS) Practice Test	Apply multiple strategies to solve problems in both abstract and contextualized situations understand the metric measurement system (Base 10) evaluate expressions use standard algorithms and common models use visual models, use estimation strategies (10 steps) multiplication and division strategies Develop, demonstrate, and apply mathematical understanding through play, inquiry, and problem solving Teaching Through Problems Worth Solving Visualize to explore mathematical concepts Use scale models and read scientific diagrams	Use mathematical vocabulary and language to contribute to mathematical discussions Math Glossary (K-8) Math 9 Glossary (French) Prime Numbers / Factors Explain and justify mathematical ideas and decisions "Which One Doesn't Belong" Tasks "Big 4" Numeracy Thinking Paper Communicate mathematical thinking in many ways Circle graphs (percentages, fractions) Represent mathematical ideas in concrete, pictorial, and symbolic forms Venn Diagrams Sets Process diagrams, Geometry contexts Fraction models Modeling Complex Information	Use reasoning and logic to explore, analyze, and apply mathematical ideas Open Middle Task (ratios example) Use logic and patterns to solve puzzles and play games Solve tarsia puzzles Yohaku Puzzles Game Selection Criteria Estimate reasonably Estimysteries Esti-Mystery Grade Range Demonstrate and apply mental math strategies Solve Me Mobiles Use tools or technology to explore and create patterns and relationships, and test conjectures Scientific Calculator Virtual Math Manipulatives Graspable Math App PHeT Math Simulations Model mathematics in contextualized experiences Represent elevation, budget/debt, fishing depths (integers)	Reflect on mathematical thinking (using "I can" statements, goal setting, and learning from mistakes) Self-Assessment (Myself in Math) Connect mathematical concepts to each other and to other areas and personal interests Taxation, Tips (Percentages) Temperature (Integers) Incorporate First Peoples worldviews and perspectives to make connections to mathematical concepts Priorities Interconnectedness of parts and whole Reciprocity and distributing according to needs
Topic 2: Exponents and exponent laws with whole-number exponents	Apply multiple strategies to solve problems in both abstract and contextualized situations Use formulas for Area and Volume	Represent mathematical ideas in concrete, pictorial, and symbolic forms Powers of 2: folding a sheet of paper Hand-Pulled Noodles Task	Use logic and patterns to solve puzzles and play games Solve exponents tarsia puzzle Use reasoning and logic to explore, analyze, and apply mathematical ideas Math Questions to Promote Thinking Demonstrate and apply mental math strategies Apply Pythagorean Theorem Use tools or technology to explore and create patterns and relationships, and test conjectures Scientific Calculator Model mathematics in contextualized experiences pH scale, Richter scale, scientific notation	Connect mathematical concepts to each other and to other areas and personal interests Science (Magnification, Distances in Space), pH Food (Scoville Heat Scale) Incorporate First Peoples worldviews and perspectives to make connections to mathematical concepts Limits, Infinity
Topic 3: Operations with polynomials, of degree less than or equal to 2	Apply multiple strategies to solve problems in both abstract and contextualized situations Use grouping and factoring to simplify expressions	Represent mathematical ideas in concrete, pictorial, and symbolic forms Window method for multiplication and division with polynomials	Demonstrate and apply mental math strategies Area calculations, connecting area and radius of a circle Use tools or technology to explore and create patterns and relationships, and test conjectures Algebra Tiles Graspable Math App
Topic 4: multistep one-variable linear equations	Apply multiple strategies to solve problems in both abstract and contextualized situations Apply properties of algebraic equations	Represent mathematical ideas in concrete, pictorial, and symbolic forms Algebra Tiles	Use logic and patterns to solve puzzles and play games Solvemojis Solving Mobile Puzzles (Level 1) SolveMe Mobiles Website Demonstrate and apply mental math strategies Use Opposite Operations to isolate a variable Use tools or technology to explore and create patterns and relationships, and test conjectures "Patterns to Algebra" Progression	Incorporate First Peoples worldviews and perspectives to make connections to mathematical concepts Balance, Fairness, Equality
Topic 5: Patterns and Relations (Two-variable linear relations) Practice Test	Understand graphing, interpolation, and extrapolation	Communicate mathematical thinking in many ways Scatter plots (discrete data) Represent mathematical ideas in concrete, pictorial, and symbolic forms "Patterns to Algebra" Lessons Input-Output Table Cartesian Plane	Use tools or technology to explore and create patterns and relationships, and test conjectures Desmos Activity, Marbleslides: lines Draw a line graph to show change over time	Connect mathematical concepts to each other and to other areas and personal interests Personal Fitness Goals, Sleep Habits, Rate of Pay Incorporate First Peoples worldviews and perspectives to make connections to mathematical concepts Learning (growth) takes time
Topic 6: Patterns and Spatial proportional reasoning	Apply multiple strategies to solve problems in both abstract and contextualized situations Use Ratio Tables Visualize to explore mathematical concepts Tiling problems How to Measure like a Canadian	Communicate mathematical thinking in many ways Using Geometric Formulas Represent mathematical ideas in concrete, pictorial, and symbolic forms Tiling Models (proportional thinking) Algebra of Patterns Guide	Use logic and patterns to solve puzzles and play games Shikaku (Area Puzzles) Water, Water Thinking Task Engage in "Connected" (Authentic) problem-solving	Connect mathematical concepts to each other and to other areas and personal interests Architecture, Engineering, Art, Design, Travel (currency exchange) Incorporate First Peoples worldviews and perspectives to make connections to mathematical concepts Efficacy: Pictures can help us imagine and design things. Accurate drawings reduce waste and save time.
Topic 7: Statistics in society	Visualize to explore mathematical concepts Data Visualizations from Our World in Data Stats Canada Student Vote	Communicate mathematical thinking in many ways Spreadsheet or Table Represent mathematical ideas in concrete, pictorial, and symbolic forms Bar graph Pictograph Tally chart Circle graph	Analyze land use data, fish returns data, sports data ex. Quadra Salmon Counts Engage in "Connected" (Authentic) problem-solving Cumberland Forest Study Guide Basketball Analytics Unit Olympics Medal Count Stats	Connect mathematical concepts to each other and to other areas and personal interests History and Current Events Probability of rain/snow Incorporate First Peoples worldviews and perspectives to make connections to mathematical concepts Some stories are sacred. We can learn from stories, from history, and from each other.
Topic 8: Financial literacy — simple budgets and transactions	Recognize Canadian currency and calculate totals and change due.	Explain and justify mathematical ideas and decisions Financial literacy — share plans for simple budgets and transactions tables and lists spreadsheets Kakeibo template Represent mathematical ideas in concrete, pictorial, and symbolic forms Pricing, currency, coins and bank notes	Use logic and patterns to solve puzzles and play games In-and-Out Burger 3-Act Task Engage in "Connected" (Authentic) problem-solving NFB Film: Rendering Wealth (Eulachon Oil) FNESC Math 8 & 9 Resource	Connect mathematical concepts to each other and to other areas and personal interests Future (career paths, income, rent, university/college tuition) Use mathematical arguments to support personal choices simple budgets and transactions (ex. Kakeibo expense tracker) Incorporate First Peoples worldviews and perspectives to make connections to mathematical concepts Growth takes time. Investing in yourself is one way to contribute to your community.

Key Vocabulary for Grade 9	Rational Numbers	Exponents	Polynomials	Algebraic Equations	Patterns & Relations	Spatial Reasoning	Data Management	Financial Literacy
Use mathematical vocabulary and language to contribute to mathematical discussions Math Glossary (K-8) Math 9 Glossary (French)	convert improper, elevation, minimum, maximum, evaluate, factors, multiples, even, odd, prime, rational, integers	exponent, base, power, scientific notation, square root	evaluate, simplify, distribution, regrouping (associative property)	solve, isolate, substitute, verify	linear, increasing, decreasing, constant, rate of change	proportional, scale factor	Graphing Stories mean median mode linear (growth)	debt credit interest tax ...

Interdisciplinary Numeracy

Culturally Sustaining Pedagogy

Connecting to Place

Exploring West Coast Ecosystems
Land and Resource Stewardship
- (Greenways, Forest School, etc.)
Land-based, experiential learning
- Beaches (Various)
- Islands (Quadra, Cortes, Reade)
- Forests (Beaver Lodge Lands, etc.
- Wetlands (Various)
- Rivers (Fish Hatchery, Quinsam River)
- School Gardens

Connecting to Language

Using counting words, colour words, and other words to describe shape, quantity, and location (in Kʷak̓ʷala and Lik̓ʷala, English, French, and/or ayʔaǰuθɛm)
Contact the Indigenous Education Department for more information. IndigenousEd@sd72.bc.ca
French Resources Page

Connecting to Culture and Community
Learning from members of various Indigenous communities: Liǧʷiɫdax̌ʷ (We Wai Kai, Wei Wai Kum), Xwémalhkwu (Homalco), Klahoose, Tlowitsis, Comox, Métis, etc.)
Contact the Indigenous Education Department for more information. IndigenousEd@sd72.bc.ca
FNESC Math First Peoples Guide